USB Type-C PD 3.0 Specification, Charging and Design - EDN
WEBJun 25, 2021 · The first one—Power Delivery 2.0—supports fixed output voltages including 5, 9, 12, 15, or 20V at specific operating currents, for example 3 A. The second specification—PD 3.0—includes programmable power supply (PPS), a feature that allows the USB Type-C charger’s output voltage to be adjusted in …
Setup and Hold Time Basics - EDN
WEBApr 19, 2012 · Hold time is defined as the minimum amount of time after the clock’s active edge during which data must be stable. Violation in this case may cause incorrect data to be latched, which is known as a hold violation. Note that setup and hold time is measured with respect to the active clock edge only.
Parametric on-chip variation: A step towards accurate timing analysis
WEBAug 7, 2019 · To model these parameter variations, a few engineers came up with the on-chip variation (OCV) model. The concept of OCV was first introduced in technology nodes above 90nm. The fundamental idea behind OCV is to apply global derates on the whole design irrespective of the type of cells, its individual variation or its slew-load conditions.
Equalization Techniques: CTLE, DFE, FFE, and Crosstalk - EDN
WEBOct 21, 2015 · DFE (decision feedback equalization) uses a decision circuit as part of its feedback loop. CTLE technology doesn’t change for PAM4 signaling. Tx FFE doesn’t change in principle, though with four different symbol levels, it changes in practice. But with four distinct “decisions” to feed back to the decision circuit, DFE differs for PAM4.
Clock Domain Crossing Techniques & Synchronizers - EDN
WEBSep 30, 2014 · In general, a conventional two flip-flop synchronizer (2-FF) is used for synchronizing a single bit level signal. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , flip flop A and B1 are operating in asynchronous clock domain. There is probability that while sampling the input B1-d by flip flop B1 in CLK_B clock domain, output B1-q may go into metastable state.
Eye Diagram Basics: Reading, Analyzing and Applying
WEBDec 16, 2011 · An eye diagram is a common indicator of the quality of signals in high-speed digital transmissions. An oscilloscope generates an eye diagram by overlaying sweeps of different segments of a long data stream driven by a master clock. The triggering edge may be positive or negative, but the displayed pulse that appears after a delay period may go ...
Bimetallic Strip: Construction, Uses & Applications - EDN
WEBJul 27, 2020 · Introduction. According to Wikipedia, the basic invention of bimetallic strips comes from 18th-century clockmaker John Harris (1693-1776). Two strips of dissimilar metals are mechanically joined either by rivets or by being fused together along their length to form a structure that responds to changes of temperature by bending in …
Audio levels, dBu, dBV, and the gang: What you need to know
WEBApr 18, 2017 · Here’s what you need to know. First off, you need to know that I expended significant effort to avoid naming this article “ dB or not dB, that is the question ”. But seriously: The vast majority of line-level analog audio interfaces fall into two categories: Advertisement. Unbalanced, using “RCA” connectors, at a so-called “-10dBV ...
Fundamentals of USB Audio - EDN
WEBJun 27, 2012 · All transfers are made in USB frames. High Speed USB frames span 125 us (Full Speed USB are 1 ms) and are marked by the host sending a Start-Of-Frame (SOF) message. Isochronous and Interrupt transfers are transmitted at most once a frame. USB Audio. USB Audio uses isochronous, interrupt and control transfers.
Roadside Electric Car Charging: 3 Solutions For EVs - EDN
WEBOct 27, 2020 · Battery modules can be recharged using traditional 110V or 220V household outlets. Up to five modules: One module (22 kg): 3.5 kWh (3.2 kWh usable) for 14-15 miles of range. Two modules (44 kg): 7 kWh (6.4 kWh usable) for 28-30 miles of range. Three modules (66 kg): 10.5 kWh (9.6 kWh usable) for 42-45 miles of range.